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Retrieved June 3, 2017. On foot of their for period 2004—2014, the largest tax fine in history , Apple has restructured their structure Apple Sales International , into an Irish tax scheme see. Facebook launched the Facebook Platform on May 24, 2007, providing a for to create that interact with core. Retrieved June 3, 2017.

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Later they expanded it to , the schools, and. Facebook gradually added support for students at various other universities, and eventually to high school students. Since 2006, anyone who claims to be at least 13 years old has been allowed to become a registered user of Facebook, though variations exist in this requirement, depending on local laws. The name comes from the directories often given to American university students. It began selling to the public three months later. Facebook makes most of its revenue from that appear onscreen. Facebook can be accessed from a large range of devices with connectivity, such as , and computers, and. After registering, users can create a customized profile indicating their name, occupation, schools attended and so on. Additionally, users can report or block unpleasant people. Facebook has more than as of January 2018. Its popularity has led to prominent media coverage for the company, including significant scrutiny over privacy and the psychological effects it has on users. In recent years, the company has faced intense pressure over the amount of , and prevalent on its services, all of which it is attempting to counteract. Facemash attracted 450 visitors and 22,000 photo-views in its first four hours online. The Facemash site was quickly forwarded to several campus group list-servers, but was shut down a few days later by the Harvard administration. Zuckerberg faced expulsion and was charged by the administration with breach of security, violating , and violating individual privacy. Ultimately, the charges were dropped. Zuckerberg expanded on this initial project that semester by creating a social study tool ahead of an final exam. He uploaded all art images to a website, each of which was featured with a corresponding comments section, then shared the site with his classmates, and people started sharing notes. In 2003, there were no universal online facebooks at Harvard, with only paper sheets distributed and private online directories. I think it's kind of silly that it would take the University a couple of years to get around to it. I can do it better than they can, and I can do it in a week. Six days after the site launched, Harvard seniors , , and accused Zuckerberg of intentionally misleading them into believing that he would help them build a social network called. They claimed that he was instead using their ideas to build a competing product. The three complained to The Harvard Crimson and the newspaper began an investigation. They later filed a lawsuit against Zuckerberg, subsequently settling in 2008 for 1. Membership was initially restricted to students of ; within the first month, more than half the undergraduates at Harvard were registered on the service. In March 2004, Facebook expanded to the universities of , , and. It later opened to all colleges, , , , and gradually most universities in the United States and Canada. In mid-2004, entrepreneur —an informal advisor to Zuckerberg—became the company's president. In June 2004, Facebook moved its operations base to. It received its first investment later that month from co-founder. This website last appeared on April 8, 2005; from April 10, 2005, to August 4, 2005, this domain gave a 403 error. A high-school version of the site was launched in September 2005, which Zuckerberg called the next logical step. At the time, high-school networks required an invitation to join. Facebook also expanded membership eligibility to employees of several companies, including and Microsoft. In late 2007, Facebook had 100,000 business pages pages which allowed companies to promote themselves and attract customers. These started as group pages, but a new concept called company pages was planned. Pages began rolling out for businesses in May 2009. On October 24, 2007, Microsoft announced that it had purchased a 1. Microsoft's purchase included rights to place international advertisements on the social networking site. In October 2008, Facebook announced that it would set up its international headquarters in , Ireland. Almost a year later, in September 2009, Facebook said that it had turned cash flow positive for the first time. A January 2009 study ranked Facebook the most used social networking service by worldwide. The company announced 500 million users in July 2010, and according to its data, half of the site's membership used Facebook daily, for an average of 34 minutes, while 150 million users accessed the site by mobile. The company had slightly surpassed to become the third largest American web company after and. In early 2011, Facebook announced plans to move its headquarters to the former campus in Menlo Park, California. In March 2011, it was reported that Facebook was removing about 20,000 profiles every day for violations such as spam, graphic content, and underage use, as part of its efforts to boost. Statistics by showed that Facebook reached one trillion in the month of June 2011, making it the most visited website tracked by DoubleClick. According to a study, Facebook had in 2011 become the second-most accessed website in the U. Facebook began selling stock to the public and trading on the on May 18, 2012. Facebook filed their S1 document with the on February 1, 2012. The shares began trading on May 18; the stock struggled to stay above the IPO price for most of the day, but set a record for the trading volume of an IPO 460 million shares. The first day of trading was marred by technical glitches that prevented orders from going through; only the technical problems and artificial support from underwriters prevented the stock price from falling below the IPO price on the day. In March 2012, Facebook announced App Center, a store selling applications that operate via the website. The store was to be available on , devices, and mobile web users. Billboard on the building welcomes Facebook to NASDAQ, 2012 On May 22, 2012, the website reported that Facebook's lead underwriters, MS , JPM , and GS , cut their earnings forecasts for the company in the middle of the IPO process. The stock had begun its freefall by this time, closing at 34. A trading curb was used in an attempt to slow down the stock price's decline. Securities and Exchange Commission Chairman , and FINRA Chairman Rick Ketchum, called for a review of the circumstances surrounding the IPO. A class-action lawsuit was filed in May 2012 because of the trading glitches, which led to botched orders. Lawsuits were filed, alleging that an underwriter for Morgan Stanley selectively revealed adjusted earnings estimates to preferred clients. The other underwriters MS, JPM, GS , Facebook's CEO and board, and NASDAQ also faced litigation after numerous lawsuits were filed, while SEC and FINRA both launched investigations. It was believed that adjustments to earnings estimates were communicated to the underwriters by a Facebook financial officer, who used the information to cash out on their positions while leaving the general public with overpriced shares. Zuckerberg announced to the media at the start of October 2012 that Facebook had passed the monthly active users mark of one billion. The company's data also revealed 600 million mobile users, 219 billion photo uploads, and 140 billion friend connections. On April 3, 2013, Facebook unveiled , a user-interface layer for Android devices offering greater integration with the site. On April 15, 2013, Facebook announced an alliance across 19 states with the National Association of Attorneys General, to provide teenagers and parents with information on tools to manage social networking profiles. The letter F moved closer to the edge of the box. Following a campaign by 100 advocacy groups, Facebook agreed to update its policy on hate speech. The campaign highlighted content promoting domestic and sexual violence against women, and used over 57,000 tweets and more than 4,900 emails that caused withdrawal of advertising from the site by 15 companies, including Nissan UK, House of Burlesque and Nationwide UK. On June 12, 2013, Facebook announced on its newsroom that it was introducing clickable to help users follow trending discussions, or search what others are talking about on a topic. A July 2013 Wall Street Journal article identified the Facebook IPO as the cause of a change in the U. The Bureau of Labor Statistics reported that the average weekly wage in the county was 3,240, 107% higher than the previous year. However, a few days later, the , the official newspaper of the , dismissed the earlier report, reiterating the block on Facebook. Facebook was announced as a member of A4AI in October 2013, when the A4AI was launched. The A4AI is a coalition of public and private organizations that includes , and Microsoft. Led by , the A4AI seeks to make Internet access more affordable so that access is broadened in the developing world, where only 31% of people are online. Google will help to decrease Internet access prices so that they fall below the UN Broadband Commission's worldwide target of 5% of monthly income. The company celebrated its 10th anniversary during the week of February 3, 2014. In each of the first three months of 2014, over one billion users logged into their Facebook account on a mobile device. As part of the company's second quarter results, Facebook announced in late July 2014 that mobile accounted for 62% of its advertising revenue, which is an increase of 21% from the previous year. In November 2015, Zuckerberg prolonged period of paternity leave from 4 weeks to 4 months. On April 12, 2016, Zuckerberg revealed a decade-long plan for Facebook in a keynote address. His speech outlined his vision, which rested on three main pillars: artificial intelligence, increased connectivity around the world and virtual and augmented reality. In June 2016 Facebook announced Deep Text, a natural language processing AI which will learn user intent and context in 20 languages. Facebook released the blueprints of Surround 360 camera on under. Users can create profiles, see updates from co-workers on their news feed, stream live video and participate in secure group chats. Facebook annually has an Oculus Connect conference. Following the 2016 presidential election, Facebook announced that it would further combat the spread of fake news by using fact checkers from sites like and AP , making reporting hoaxes easier through crowdsourcing, and disrupting financial incentives for spammers. On January 17, 2017, Facebook COO planning to open Station F, a startup incubator campus in Paris, France. On a six-monthly cycle, Facebook will work with ten to 15 data-driven startups in the location to help them develop their businesses. On April 18, 2017, Facebook announced the beta launch of Facebook Spaces at Facebook's annual F8 developer conference in San Francisco. Facebook Spaces, a virtual reality app version of Facebook for the Facebook-owned Oculus VR goggles. In a virtual and shared space, users can access a curated selection of 360-degree photos and videos using their avatar, with the support of the controller. Users can also access their own photos and videos, and any media shared on their Facebook newsfeed. The beta app is currently available in the Oculus Store. On October 16, 2017, Facebook acquired the anonymous compliment social media app for an undisclosed amount, announcing intentions to leave the app independent, similar to Instagram and WhatsApp. In May 2018, at its annual in , Facebook announced it would make its own dating service. Shares in the dating business fell by 22% following the announcement. In July 2018, Facebook was charged £500,000 by UK watchdogs for failing to respond to data erasure requests. All its shares are held by Facebook Hong Kong branch. However, the approval of the registration of the subsidiary was withdrawn quickly, due to the disagreement between officials in Zhejiang province and the. On July 27, 2018, Facebook suspended the official page of and political commentator for 30 days. The website claims that Jones participated in against. On July 31, 2018, Facebook revealed that the company had deleted 17 accounts related to for national, state and local political elections. We believe this could be partly due to changes we've made over the last year to make this kind of abuse much harder. Through the Digital Forensic Research Lab Facebook partners with the , a think tank affiliated with. They have made a grants to Agência Lupa and Aos Fatos, Brazilian , to better communicate with Facebook users during the Brazilian elections scheduled in 2018. Management Facebook's key management personnel consists of Chairman and Chief Executive Officer , Chief Operating Officer , Chief Financial Officer , Chief Technology Officer , and Chief Product Officer. As of June 30, 2017 , Facebook has 20,658 employees. Facebook generally has a lower CTR for advertisements than most major websites. For example, while users click on the first advertisement for search results an average of 8% of the time 80,000 clicks for every one million searches , Facebook's users click on advertisements an average of 0. Successful on the site can have clickthrough rates as low as 0. The cause of Facebook's low CTR has been attributed to younger users enabling software and their adeptness at ignoring advertising messages, as well as the site's primary purpose being social communication rather than content viewing. According to digital consultancy iStrategy Labs in mid-January 2014, three million fewer users aged between 13 and 17 years were present on Facebook's Social Advertising platform compared to 2011. However, Time writer and reporter Christopher Matthews stated in the wake of the iStrategy Labs results: A big part of Facebook's pitch is that it has so much information about its users that it can more effectively target ads to those who will be responsive to the content. If Facebook can prove that theory to be true, then it may not worry so much about losing its cool cachet. In December 2014, a report from Frank N. Magid and Associates found that the percentage of teens aged 13 to 17 who used Facebook fell to 88% in 2014, down from 94% in 2013 and 95% in 2012. A study found that, for video advertisements on Facebook, over 40% of users who viewed the videos viewed the entire video, while the industry average was 25% for in-banner video ads. During the same time, independent market research firm released data in which Facebook accounted for 5. Mobile advertising revenue accounted for around 62 per cent of advertising revenue, an increase of approximately 41 per cent over the comparable quarter of the previous year. In December 2017, the company announced that it would no longer route all of its revenues through its Ireland headquarters, but rather record revenue locally in each of the countries where it is generated. Number of advertisers In February 2015, Facebook announced that it had reached two million active advertisers with most of the gain coming from small businesses. An active advertiser is an advertiser that has advertised on the Facebook platform in the last 28 days. In March 2016, Facebook announced that it reached three million active advertisers with more than 70% from outside the US. Mergers and acquisitions Main article: On November 15, 2010, Facebook announced it had acquired the domain name fb. In November 2016 Facebook acquired CrowdTangle, a social analytics company that tracks how content spreads online. CrowdTangle confirmed the acquisition in a message on their website, but the company has not disclosed the financial terms of the deal. Offices In early 2011, Facebook announced plans to move to its new headquarters, the former Sun Microsystems campus in. This allows Facebook to avoid US taxes for all users in Europe, Asia, Australia, Africa and South America. Facebook is making use of the which allows it to pay just about 2—3% corporation tax on all international revenue. In 2010, Facebook opened its fourth office, in and the first in. Facebook, which in 2010 had more than 750 million active users globally including over 23 million in India, announced that its center would house online advertising and developer support teams and provide round-the-clock, multilingual support to the social networking site's users and advertisers globally. With this, Facebook joins other giants like , , , , and Computer Associates that have already set up shop. In Hyderabad, it is registered as 'Facebook India Online Services Pvt Ltd'. Though Facebook did not specify its India investment or hiring figures, it said recruitment had already begun for a director of operations and other key positions at Hyderabad, which would supplement its operations in , in as well as at ,. In April 2012, Facebook opened a second data center in , US. In June 2013, Facebook opened a third data center in , Sweden. In November 2014, Facebook opened a fourth data center in , US. In September 2016, Facebook announced a coming datacenter in in 2018 powered by renewable energy. On October 1, 2012, CEO Zuckerberg visited Moscow to stimulate social media innovation in Russia and to boost Facebook's position in the Russian market. Russia's communications minister tweeted that Prime Minister urged the social media giant's founder to abandon plans to lure away Russian programmers and instead consider opening a research center in Moscow. Facebook has roughly 9 million users in Russia, while has around 34 million. The establishment of a woodworking facility on the Menlo Park campus was announced at the end of August 2013. The facility, opened in June 2013, provides equipment, safety courses and a woodworking learning course. Employees are required to purchase materials at the in-house store. A Facebook spokesperson explained that the intention of setting up the facility is to encourage employees to think in an innovative manner because of the different environment; it also serves as an attractive perk for prospective employees. On November 21, 2016 Facebook announced that it will open its new London headquarters next year and create another 500 jobs in the UK. New headquarters will be in Fitzrovia in central London at a site that is currently undergoing redevelopment. In August 2017, Facebook announced the opening of a new office in in 2018. Facebook will occupy the top three floors of 100 Binney St in and share the building with the pharmaceutical employees from. Facebook Ireland is the 9th largest Irish company by 2017 revenues, see. Under pressure from the EU, the Irish Government closed the to new schemes in 2015, however, existing users, like Facebook, have until 2020 to find alternatives. On foot of their for period 2004—2014, the largest tax fine in history , Apple has restructured their structure Apple Sales International , into an Irish tax scheme see. However Microsoft has opted for a variation of the called the , which relies on specific wording in the Ireland-Malta tax treaty. The US IRS is challenging Facebook Inc. The US changes Facebook's global tax calculations. Facebook Ireland will now be subject to the US GILTI tax of 10. On the basis that Facebook Ireland is paying some tax, the effective minimum US tax for Facebook Ireland will be circa 11%. In contrast, Facebook Inc. Higher tax relief in the US 21% vs. Irish at the GILTI rate and accelerated capital expensing, would make this effective US rate circa 12%. The closeness of the net effective tax costs of having Facebook Ireland, in Ireland, or relocated back to the US, was shown when Reuters revealed that Facebook Ireland is going to move 1. To irrevocably limit financial exposure to the EU's GDPR, these 1. The deployment of HipHop reportedly reduced average CPU consumption on Facebook servers by 50%. Facebook is developed as one monolithic application. According to an interview in 2012 with Chuck Rossi, a build engineer at Facebook, Facebook compiles into a 1. Rossi stated that it takes about 15 minutes to build and 15 minutes to release to the servers. The build and release process has zero downtime and new changes to Facebook are rolled out daily. Facebook uses a combination platform based on to store data across distributed machines. Using a tailing architecture, new events are stored in log files, and the logs are tailed. The system rolls these events up and writes them into storage. The user interface then pulls the data out and displays it to users. Facebook handles requests as behavior. These requests are written to a log file using developed by Facebook. Data is read from these log files using Ptail, an internally built tool to aggregate data from multiple Scribe stores. It tails the log files and pulls data out thus the name. Ptail data are separated out into three streams so they can eventually be sent to their own clusters in different Plugin impression, News feed impressions, Actions plugin + news feed. Data is processed in batches to lessen the number of times needed to read and write under high demand periods A hot article will generate a lot of impressions and news feed impressions which will cause huge data skews. Batches are taken every 1. After this, data is output in PHP format compiled with. The backend is written in and Thrift is used as the messaging format so PHP programs can query Java services. Caching solutions are used to make the web pages display more quickly. The more and longer data is cached the less realtime it is. The data is then sent to servers so it can be queried via Hive. This also serves as a backup plan as the data can be recovered from Hive. Raw logs are removed after a period of time. On March 20, 2014, Facebook announced a new open-source programming language called. Facebook uses the Momentum platform from Message Systems to deliver the enormous volume of emails it sends to its users every day. The Mini-Feed and Wall were consolidated, profiles were separated into tabbed sections, and an effort was made to create a cleaner look. After initially giving users a choice to switch, Facebook began migrating all users to the new version starting in September 2008. On December 11, 2008, it was announced that Facebook was testing a simpler signup process. Along with the new layout, users were also given more privacy settings to control the content on the Timeline. In 2007, Facebook launched Facebook Pages for brands and celebrities to interact with their fanbase, with more 100,000 Pages launched in November. In February 2014, Facebook expanded the options for a user's gender setting, adding a custom input field that allows users to choose from a wide range of gender identities. Users can also set which set of gender-specific pronoun should be used in reference to them throughout the site. In May 2014, Facebook introduced a feature to allow users to ask for information not disclosed by other users on their profiles. News Feed Main article: On September 6, 2006, was announced, which appears on every user's homepage and highlights information including profile changes, upcoming events, and birthdays of the user's friends. This enabled spammers and other users to manipulate these features by creating illegitimate events or posting fake birthdays to attract attention to their profile or cause. Initially, the News Feed caused dissatisfaction among Facebook users; some complained it was too cluttered and full of undesired information, others were concerned that it made it too easy for others to track individual activities such as relationship status changes, events, and conversations with other users. In response, Zuckerberg issued an apology for the site's failure to include appropriate customizable privacy features. Since then, users have been able to control what types of information are shared automatically with friends. Users are now able to prevent user-set categories of friends from seeing updates about certain types of activities, including profile changes, Wall posts, and newly added friends. On February 23, 2010, Facebook was granted a patent on certain aspects of its News Feed. The patent covers News Feeds in which links are provided so that one user can participate in the same activity of another user. The patent may encourage Facebook to pursue action against websites that violate its patent, which may potentially include websites such as. One of the most popular applications on Facebook is the application, where users can upload albums and photos. Facebook allows users to upload an unlimited number of photos, compared with other such as and , which apply limits to the number of photos that a user is allowed to upload. During the first years, Facebook users were limited to 60 photos per album. As of May 2009, this limit has been increased to 200 photos per album. Privacy settings can be set for individual albums, limiting the groups of users that can see an album. For example, the privacy of an album can be set so that only the user's friends can see the album, while the privacy of another album can be set so that all Facebook users can see it. For instance, if a photo contains a user's friend, then the user can tag the friend in the photo. This sends a notification to the friend that she has been tagged, and provides a link to see the photo. On June 7, 2012, Facebook launched its App Center to its users. It will help the users in finding games and other applications with ease. Since the launch of the App Center, Facebook has seen 150M monthly users with 2. The sorting and display of stories in a user's News Feed is governed by the algorithm. Instant articles provides users, access to articles on Facebook news feed without leaving the site. According to the technology news website on May 9, 2016, Facebook curators routinely suppress or promote news that is deemed to meet a political agenda. For example, articles about would be listed even if they did not meet the trending criteria of News Feed. Likewise, positive news about conservative political figures were regularly excised from Facebook pages. In January 2017, Facebook launched Facebook Stories for iOS and Android in Ireland. The feature, following the format of Snapchat and Instagram stories, allows users to upload photos and videos that appear above friends' and followers' News Feeds and disappear after 24 hours. On October 11, 2017, Facebook introduced the feature to allow for uploading interactive 3D assets in the News Feed. On January 11, 2018, Facebook announced that it would be changing its News Feed algorithm to prioritize what friends and family share and de-emphasize content from media companies. Once clicked by a user, the designated content appears in the of that user's friends, and the button also displays the number of other users who have liked the content, including a full or partial list of those users. The like button was extended to comments in June 2010. Reactions were also extended to comments in May 2017. Instant messaging Main article: Facebook Messenger is an service and software application. Originally developed as Facebook Chat in 2008, the company revamped its messaging service in 2010, and subsequently released standalone and apps in August 2011. Over the years, Facebook has released new apps on a variety of different operating systems, launched a dedicated , and separated the messaging functionality from the main Facebook app, requiring users to download the standalone apps. Facebook Messenger lets Facebook users send messages to each other. Complementing regular conversations, Messenger lets users make and both in one-to-one interactions and in group conversations. Some features, including sending money and requesting transportation, are limited to the United States. In March 2015, Facebook announced that it would start letting businesses and users interact through Messenger with features such as tracking purchases and receiving notifications, and interacting with customer service representatives. It also announced that third-party developers could integrate their apps into Messenger, letting users enter an app while inside Messenger and optionally share details from the app into a chat. In April 2016, it introduced an for developers to build into Messenger, for uses such as news publishers building bots to give users news through the service, and in April 2017, it enabled the for users in the U. In conjunction, Facebook also introduced a system in February 2012 to verify the identity of certain accounts. Comparison with Myspace The media often compares Facebook to , but one significant difference between the two Web sites is the level of customization. Another difference is Facebook's requirement that users give their true identity, a demand that MySpace does not make. MySpace allows users to decorate their profiles using and CSS , while Facebook allows only. Facebook has a number of features with which users may interact. Facebook also allows users to tag various people in photographs. Depending on privacy settings, anyone who can see a user's profile can also view that user's Wall. In July 2007, Facebook began allowing users to post attachments to the Wall, whereas the Wall was previously limited to textual content only. Facebook also differs from Myspace in the form of advertising used. Facebook uses advertising in the form of banner ads, referral marketing, and games. Myspace, on the other hand, uses and. There is also a difference in the userbase of each site. MySpace, initially, was much more popular with high school students, while Facebook was more popular among college students. A study by the American firm Nielsen Claritas showed that Facebook users are more inclined to use other professional networking sites, such as , than Myspace users. Privacy : a program under which the collects user data from companies like Facebook and Yahoo!. Facebook enables users to choose their own privacy settings and choose who can see specific parts of their profile. The website is free to its users and generates revenue from advertising, such as. Facebook requires a user's name and profile picture if applicable to be accessible by everyone. Users can control who sees other information they have shared, as well as who can find them in searches, through their privacy settings. On November 6, 2007, Facebook launched , which was a part of Facebook's advertisement system until it was discontinued in 2009. Its purpose was to allow targeted advertisements and allowing users to share their activities with their friends. In 2010, Facebook's security team began expanding its efforts to reduce the risks to users' privacy, but remain. Since 2010, the US has been taking publicly posted profile information from Facebook, among other social media services, user profiles to discover who they interact with. On November 29, 2011, Facebook settled charges that it deceived consumers by failing to keep privacy promises. In August 2013 published a study showing that links included in Facebook messaging service messages were being accessed by Facebook. In January 2014 two users filed a lawsuit against Facebook alleging that their privacy had been violated by this practice. These settings were originally intended for deployment in Europe in order to comply with the European Union's GDPR , which take effect in May. In the lead-up to its implementation, Facebook also changed its terms of service and privacy policy to specify that users within the European Union are served by Facebook Ireland, Ltd. Previously, all users outside of Canada and the United States were served by Facebook Ireland, Ltd. In the aftermath of the breach, Facebook withdrew its opposition to the. The data breach started July 2017 created by a change to a Facebook video uploading feature, but wasn't discovered until September 16, 2018. Facebook said that users affected by the exploit would be notified and logged out of their accounts. Facebook responded that it works both internally and externally to ban sex traffickers. They can show up at a conference and show this card and say 'I did special work for Facebook. The number of users continued to grow, reaching 250 million in July 2009, 300 million in September 2009, 400 million in February 2010, and 500 million in July 2010. According to the company's data at the July 2010 announcement, half of the site's membership used Facebook daily, for an average of 34 minutes, while 150 million users accessed the site by mobile. The company's data also revealed 600 million mobile users, 219 billion photo uploads, and 140 billion friend connections. This continued to grow, reaching 1. Early in 2015, it was reported that teenagers preferred competing web sites such as and. The estimated number of teens leaving Facebook was a million per year. This excludes the use of third-party services with Facebook integration, which was previously counted. According to third-party providers, and , Facebook is ranked second and first globally respectively, it is the highest-read social network on the Web, with over 20 billion visitors per month, as of 2015. The website is the most popular for uploading photos, cumulatively with 50 billion uploaded. Facebook is the most popular social networking site in several , including Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States. However, Facebook still receives limited adoption in countries such as Japan, where domestically created social networks are still largely preferred. In regional Internet markets, penetration on Facebook is highest in North America 69 percent , followed by Middle East-Africa 67 percent , Latin America 58 percent , Europe 57 percent , and Asia-Pacific 17 percent. Some of the top competitors were listed in 2007 by. However, in a July 2010 survey performed by the , Facebook received a score of 64 out of 100, placing it in the bottom 5% of all private-sector companies in terms of customer satisfaction, alongside industries such as the system, airlines, and. The reasons why Facebook scored so poorly include privacy problems, frequent changes to the website's interface, the results returned by the News Feed, and spam. In December 2008, the ruled that Facebook is a valid to serve court notices to defendants. It is believed to be the world's first legal judgement that defines a posted on Facebook as legally binding. In March 2009, the New Zealand High Court associate justice David Gendall allowed for the serving of legal papers on Craig Axe by the company Axe Market Garden via Facebook. Employers have also used Facebook as a means to keep tabs on their employees and have even been known to fire them over posts they have made. The caption is a reference to 's novel. Facebook's market dominance has led to international media coverage and significant reporting of its shortcomings. Notable issues include , such as its widespread use of a , possible indefinite records of user information, automatic software, and its role in the workplace, including employer-employee account disclosure. The use of Facebook can have psychological effects, including feelings of jealousy and stress, a lack of attention, and social media addiction, in some cases comparable to drug addiction. Facebook's company tactics have also received prominent coverage, including electricity usage, tax avoidance, real-name user requirement policies, censorship, and its involvement in the United States. Due to allowing users to publish material by themselves, Facebook has come under scrutiny for the amount of freedom it gives users, including and infringement, , incitement of rape and terrorism, , and crimes, murders and violent incidents live-streamed through its functionality. Facebook worked on special so it could potentially accommodate censorship demands in -controlled. The company has also been subject to multiple litigation cases over the years, with its most prominent case concerning allegations that CEO Mark Zuckerberg broke an with , , and to build the social network in 2004, instead allegedly opting to and code to launch Facebook months before HarvardConnection began. A new lawsuit in 2011 was dismissed. On November 5, 2017, the , a set of confidential relating to , revealed that Russian state organizations with ties to pursued between 2009 and 2011 large investments in Facebook and via an intermediary—Russian-American entrepreneur , who befriended Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg and invested in the company co-founded by , 's son-in-law. According to the press reports, Gazprom Investholding, a subsidiary of the Kremlin-controlled , borrowed funds to one of the DST Global investors to buy shares in Facebook, reaping millions when the social media giant went public in 2012. On March 6, 2018, sued Facebook and its Instagram and WhatsApp subdivision for ripping off key features of its messaging app. According to BlackBerry, it invented the core concepts in mobile messaging app which were copied by Facebook and its. According to the Facebook Deputy General Counsel, , BlackBerry abandoned its effort to innovate and it is now looking to tax the innovation of others. Facebook issued a notification to users which were exposed to this issue. A Facebook spokesperson said the notification is the start of new proactive and transparent way for the company to handle issues going forward. This includes data that Facebook collects on non-users that may be collected by the or location data from a mobile phone. Cambridge Analytica Main article: In March 2018, revealed that personal information from over 87 million Facebook users was sold to , a political data analysis firm that had worked for 's presidential campaign. The data was collected using an app created by Global Science Research. While approximately 270,000 people volunteered to use the app, Facebook's also permitted data collection from the friends of app users. When the information was first reported Facebook tried to downplay the significance of the breach, and attempted to suggest that the stolen data was no longer available to Cambridge Analytica. However, with increasing scrutiny, Facebook issued a statement expressing alarm and suspended Cambridge Analytica, while review of documents and interviews with former Facebook employees suggested that Cambridge Analytica was still in possession of the data. According to reporter who broke the story, both Facebook and Cambridge Analytica threatened to sue the newspaper if it published the story and continually tried to prevent its publication. Cadwalladr said that Facebook was trying to shift the blame onto a third party. You may have heard about a quiz app built by a university researcher that leaked Facebook data of millions of people in 2014. This was a breach of trust, and I'm sorry we didn't do more at the time. We're now taking steps to make sure this doesn't happen again. We've already stopped apps like this from getting so much information. Now we're limiting the data apps get when you sign in using Facebook. We're also investigating every single app that had access to large amounts of data before we fixed this. We expect there are others. And when we find them, we will ban them and tell everyone affected. Finally, we'll remind you which apps you've give access to your information — so you can shut off the ones you don't want anymore. Thank you for believing in this community. I promise to do better for you. On March 26, the opened an investigation into Facebook regarding the use of its data by Cambridge Analytica, causing stocks to temporarily drop by more than 5 percent. Android data scraping In Android platform, It was reported that Facebook app has been gathering Android users data for years. The data included phone calls and text messages history that were stored to Facebook database. Unlike Android, Apple limited the privilege of the apps who try to gather personal information from the devices. In May 2018, several Android users in California filed a class action lawsuit against Facebook for invading their privacy by unauthorized access in storing personal contact data especially call and text message history without users' consent. On March 21, 2018, Facebook founder issued the company's first public statement since this information was publicly disclosed. However, another article was published on April 4 by that reports a statement made by Facebook regarding the number of people affected. Mike Schroepfer — Facebook's chief technology officer — disclosed that the amount is closer to 87 million via a blog post. An app downloaded by 270,000 people has been claimed to have led to the crisis. This was than used to acquire similar information of the user's contacts and continued to affect approximately 50 million people in total. The company has received significant backlash following the disclosure of the use of private data by other entities. This backlash has also taken the form of demands for legal accountability, including the opening of an investigation into the company by the. Others such as , who has deleted his Facebook pages for and , have publicly expressed their decision to terminate their use of the media platform for their purposes. The company has a history of making efforts of rapprochement for such privacy crises. Past apologies of Facebook started in 2009, when Facebook first launched their site worldwide. In the hopes of making it easier for users to share or keep their information private, the company ended up modifying the entire site and publicizing a subsequent apology for the situation. For years, Facebook has been giving advertisers the option of having based on data collecting companies like and. In March 2016, Facebook first acknowledged that user data had been mishandled back in 2014 when a third-party app was linked back to. This was the same company that was hired by the of. The media platform has also been accessed by individuals in addition to corporate entities for varying purposes. The site has been used to determine the eligibility for students to be employed or charged with a form of retribution in some cases, based on what they share or post. In response to criticism and outrage, different media outlets were used by the company to issue a public apology. On March 25, 2018, U. In the United States, , , and also contained the same page-length ads. In addition to the use of newspaper outlets, Mark Zuckerberg issued a verbal apology on. Zuckerberg has also made multiple other apologies over the course of the years regarding Facebook. In May 2010, Zuckerberg issued a public apology over discrepancies in the privacy settings in The Washington Post via an Op-Ed article. Similarly, the CEO has also made apologies via blog posts as well as through the Facebook platform itself. In an effort to earn back public trust, Facebook ended its partnerships with several data brokers who aid advertisers in targeting people on the social network. The company has also adjusted the privacy settings again for its user base as well. Previously, Facebook had its privacy settings spread out over 20 pages, and has now put all of its privacy settings on one page, which makes it harder for third-party apps to access the user's personal information. In a 2010 report regarding privacy, a research project stated that not a lot of information is available regarding the consequences of what people disclose online so often what is available are just reports made available through popular media. Violence, conspiracy theories and fringe discourse Facebook has come under criticism for giving a platform to conspiracy theorists and those who engage in incendiary fringe discourse. Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg, who is Jewish, defended this policy in an interview with , and stirred controversy by saying that it was unclear if Holocaust deniers on Facebook intended to deceive others. InfoWars appears to thrive on Facebook, with more than 6. In comparison, the reputable conservative outlet National Review only got 2. However, CNN later found that InfoWars videos pushing the false claims were left up, even though Facebook had been contacted about the videos. Facebook defended the inaction, saying that the videos never explicitly accused the child survivors of being actors. Facebook also allowed InfoWars videos that shared the to be left up, despite having specifically asserted that it would combat Pizzagate content. Later amid controversy over InfoWars, Facebook decided in late July 2018 to suspend the personal profile of InfoWars head Alex Jones for 30 days because he had repeatedly violated Facebook policy. According to , anti-Rohingya fake news on Facebook stoked tensions in Burma and contributed to hostile views against the Rohingya, a minority group in Burma that has been victim of ethnic cleansing. Myanmar's military used Facebook to fuel genocide and ethnic cleansing against the Rohingya. The parents of a child killed in the Sandy Hook massacre called on Facebook to target online abuse related to Sandy Hook conspiracy theories, with the parents noting that they themselves were forced to go into hiding due to harassment from the conspiracy theorists. A paper by researchers found that Facebook usage was linked to anti-refugee attacks in Germany. The threats were made on Facebook, in April, before the bombings. At the time, Somin's Facebook friends reported the comments to Facebook, which did nothing except send back automated messages. Facebook on the 2010 Media impact In April 2011, Facebook launched a new portal for marketers and creative agencies to help them develop brand promotions on Facebook. Facebook has now been involved in campaigns for , , and. News and media outlets such as The Washington Post, Financial Times and ABC News have used aggregated Facebook fan data to create various infographics and charts to accompany their articles. In 2012, beauty pageant was run exclusively using Facebook. Economic impact Facebook, Inc. Through empirical findings, economists have been able to identify key areas where Facebook has been able to stimulate economic activity by offering a free in that one user will not reduce the amount available to another, while also generating positive. Thus, mobile phone manufactures and carriers have been beneficiaries of Facebook's. Three distinct areas have been found to add the most economic impact: platform competition, the marketing place, and user behavior data. Facebook's daily active users have increased 18% year-over-year and burgeoning from 1 million users in 2004, to over 1. Facebook began to reduce its carbon impact after being publicly criticised by Greenpeace for its long-term reliance on coal power and consequently high carbon footprint. Facebook provides a development platform for many , communication, feedback, review, and other applications related to online activities. This open platform of Facebook has spawned many new businesses and added thousands of jobs to the economy. An analysis studied the impact of Facebook on the economy in terms of the number of jobs created and the economic value of those jobs. The conservative estimate was that the app development platform of Facebook added more than 182,000 jobs in the U. Social impact Main articles: , , and Facebook has affected the social life and activity of people in various ways. Facebook allows people using computers or mobile phones to continuously stay in touch with friends, relatives and other acquaintances wherever they are in the world, as long as there is access to the Internet. It has reunited lost family members and friends. Facebook's social impact has also changed how people communicate. Rather than having to reply to others through email, Facebook allows users to broadcast or share content to others, and thereby to engage others or be engaged with others' posts. Facebook has been successful and more socially impactful than many other social media sites. David Kirkpatrick, technology journalist and author of The Facebook Effect, believes that Facebook is structured in a way that is not easily replaceable. He challenges users to consider how difficult it would be to move all the relationships and photos to an alternative. As per survey, 44 percent of the overall US population gets news through Facebook. Emotional health impact Facebook, and social media in general, has received significant media coverage for negative emotional health impacts. Studies have shown that Facebook causes negative effects on by triggering feelings of envy, with vacation and holiday photos proving to be the largest resentment triggers. Other prevalent causes of envy include posts by friends about family happiness and images of physical beauty—such envious feelings leave people lonely and dissatisfied with their own lives. A joint study by two German universities discovered that one out of three people were more dissatisfied with their lives after visiting Facebook, and another study by found that college students felt worse about their own lives following an increase in the amount of time spent on Facebook. In a presentation by psychology professor Larry D. Rosen, he notes that teenagers using Facebook exhibit more tendencies, while young adults show signs of antisocial behavior, , and aggressiveness. In August 2010, one of 's official government websites and the official news agency of the country, , joined Facebook. During the many journalists made claims that Facebook played a major role in generating the. After 18 days, the uprising forced President to resign. In which started on February 14, 2011, Facebook was utilized by the Bahraini regime as well as regime loyalists to identify, capture and prosecute citizens involved in the protests. A 20-year-old woman named was identified as a protester using Facebook, taken from her home by masked commandos and put in prison. In 2011, Facebook filed paperwork with the to form a under the name FB PAC. Dozens have joined its ranks for various reasons from religious to ideological. United States Parts of this article those related to result of 2016 presidential election and Facebook's effect on it need to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. Facebook users took part in debate groups on specific topics, voter registration, and message questions. This debate showed the broader community what many young students had already experienced: Facebook as a popular and powerful new way to interact and voice opinions. The new social media, such as Facebook and Twitter, made use first of the personal computer and the Internet, and after 2010 of the smart phones to connect hundreds of millions of people, especially those under age 35. By 2008, politicians and interest groups were experimenting with systematic use of social media to spread their message among much larger audiences than they had previously reached. By the 2016 election, political advertising to specific segments of the population had become normalized, with Facebook offering the most sophisticated targeting and analytics platform in relation to other social media. Facebook is having an impact on local government as well. He also publicizes crimes, particularly those that his department solves. He has seven thousand followers on the social medium, considered a large number. Facebook is an interesting tool because I think it holds candidates and elected officials more accountable. Voters know where someone stands. Recent technical innovations have made possible more advanced divisions and subdivisions of the electorate. Most important, Facebook can now deliver video ads to small, highly targeted subsets. Television, by contrast, shows the same commercials to all viewers, and so cannot be precisely tailored. Special Council , contacted Facebook subsequently to the company's disclosure that it sold ads to a Russian Spy Agency-linked company , and the Menlo Park-based company has pledged full cooperation in , and began with providing all information about the advertisement buys by the Russian government, including the identities of the individuals and companies who made the purchases. The Daily Beast reports that Russia Used Facebook Events to Organize Anti-Immigrant Rallies on U. Russians also staged in November 2016 and bought a Facebook ad during the 2016 campaign. A company representative would not elaborate when asked by Business Insider if it plans to change its ad sales policy. The Wall Street Journal reports that Facebook shared copies of ads and account information related to the Russian ad purchases on its platform with Robert Mueller that go beyond what it shared with Congress last week. Facebook's unusual compliance was in response to Search Warrants issued by Mueller's Federal Grand Jury. The Financial Times reports that United States Senate Intelligence committee seeks further information about Russia links with Facebook, and are stepping up the pressure on Facebook as concerns rise about the role the social media network played in Russia's interference in the 2016 presidential election. CNN reports that Facebook handed Russia-linked ads over to Mueller under search warrant. Congressional Committees have said Facebook is withholding key information that could illuminate the shape and extent of a Russian propaganda campaign aimed at tilting the U. The Financial Times reports US lawmakers with access to sensitive intelligence have expressed fears that Russia's campaign to influence US politics via Facebook is continuing today even as American investigators probe Moscow's use of social media in the 2016 election. The Washington Post reports Russian operatives used Facebook ads to exploit divisions over black political activism and Muslims. The Russians took advantage of Facebook's ability to simultaneously send contrary messages to different groups of users based on their political and demographic characteristics and also sought to sow discord among religious groups. Other ads highlighted support for Democrat among Muslim women. The ads suggest that Russian operatives worked off of evolving lists of racial, religious, political and economic themes. They used these to create pages, write posts and craft ads that would appear in users' news feeds—with the apparent goal of appealing to one audience and alienating another. Mark Zuckerberg responds to Trump, regrets he dismissed election concerns. The Daily Beast reported that Russians impersonated real American Muslims to stir chaos on Facebook and Instagram, and also that Mark Zuckerberg blew off Russian troll warnings before the attack on America. On November 5, 2017, reported that Russian-American Billionaire , who befriended Facebook founder had between 2009 and 2011 strong backing for his investments in Facebook and Twitter. On March 17, 2018, The New York Times and The Observer of London reported the in which collected personal information from Facebook users as a basis of crafting political campaigns for whomever purchased their services. As a result, Facebook banned Cambridge Analytica from advertising on its platform. The Guardian reported further that Facebook has known about this security breach for two years, but has done nothing to protect its users. Bans and censorship Main article: On May 1, 2018, Facebook announced its plans to launch a new. In the wake of the scandal, the service is being developed with privacy features, and friends will be unable to view one's dating profile. The song is in Indonesian, telling about a guy that met his ex-girlfriend via Facebook. This song soon became popular in Indonesia, having high on radio stations. The film is a fictional re-telling of the creation of Facebook, and the legal battles associated with it. People portrayed in the movie, including Zuckerberg, criticized its accuracy. On March 15, 2015, Cristiano Ronaldo surpassed Shakira to become the most liked person on Facebook. Retrieved February 3, 2017. Retrieved July 25, 2018. Retrieved 1 October 2018. 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Retrieved July 18, 2010. Retrieved November 21, 2016. Retrieved June 14, 2017. Retrieved March 5, 2008. Fb connexionfb, on the other hand, uses and. You can also see who's available on Messenger and who's active on Facebook. Retrieved September 10, 2010. Met March 26, 2018. Users can also set which set of gender-specific pronoun should be used in reference to them throughout the site. The reasons why Facebook scored so poorly include privacy problems, frequent changes to the website's interface, the results returned by the News Feed, and spam.